Step 13 - The lens in the step-and-repeat machine reduces the image on the film to stamp size, and "steps and repeats" it onto the film.

Step 14 - the film is retouched to remove all marks that do not form part of the stamp design.

Step 15 - A copper cylinder is prepared for image transfer.

Step 16 - the image is transferred from the film to the copper cylinder.

Step 17 - the image is etched by the etching machine.

Step 18 - the completed etched image on the cylinder surface.

Step 19 - checking the etched cylinder for defects.

Step 20 - to prevent damage to the surface of the copper cylinder during printing, it is hardened by covering it with chrome. The cylinder is then placed on the printing press, and printing can start.

Step 21 - printing on the gravure printing press is in progress

Step 22 - when the stamps have been printed, they are sent to the perforating room to be perforated.

Step 23 - the stamp sheets are cut to size with a guillotine. They are now ready to be delivered to the Post Office's Stamp Distribution Center.

Note: Technical information and Pictures were taken form Setempe Philatelic Magazine published by the South African Postal Service.